Positive psychological characteristics in patients with metabolic syndrome associated with prospective changes in diet and anthropometric factors.

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing worldwide, and diet therapy plays a key role in treating this disease. Since most patients show difficulties in adhering to nutritional interventions, research on the association of positive psychological characteristics with greater engagement in physical health is relevant to this field. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between positive psychology attributes (optimism, hope, self-esteem, positive/negative affect and life satisfaction) and changes in diet quality and anthropometric parameters of individuals with MetS who received nutritional counseling. The study assessed 63 patients at a nutrition outpatient clinic. Anthropometric parameters and 24-hour food recall data (for evaluation of the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised-BHEI-R) were collected at the first visit and subsequent return visit (on average five months later). Psychological data were collected at the first visit using validated and standardized scales. The results were adjusted in relation to the depression scores of the patients, which were evaluated using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Changes in anthropometric factors and in the BHEI-R were assessed, and their associations with the psychological attributes were investigated. The results indicated that positive affect and hope were associated with improvement in the BHEI-R scores (Cohen effect sizes -0.65 and -0.58; p = 0.012 and 0.025, respectively). A significant association was also observed between optimism and a reduction in abdominal circumference (Cohen effect size 0.56; p = 0.031). The associations remained significant even after adjusting for the BDI-II scores (p = 0.022, p = 0.037 and p = 0.05, respectively). No statistically significant associations were observed for the other attributes assessed.The study suggests that some attributes may have a greater influence on the nutritional treatment of MetS and that future studies should be conducted in order to enable effective multidisciplinary interventions to treat MetS.

Positive Education: Innovation in Educational Interventions Based on Positive Psychology / Educação Positiva: Inovação em Intervenções Educacionais Baseadas na Psicologia Positiva

ABSTRACT School is configured as a social space that can essentially contribute to cognitive and emotional evolvement. Furthermore, it emerges as an important resource for Positive Psychology. This review aimed to evaluate studies that present interventions based on Positive Education. Databases searched were MEDLINE, LILACS, Psycinfo, SciELO, and Scopus, using the terms "Positive Education" and "Intervention". The study's analysis was descriptive, and the characteristics of the interventions were reported. Fourteen studies that met the proposed eligibility criteria were included. As a result, nine studies were focused on positive education in the children's and adolescents, three were directed to college students, and two exclusively meant for teachers and school leaders. The importance of stimulating the development of strength of character among students were apparent.

RESUMO A escola é um ambiente social que essencialmente pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento cognitivo e emocional dos sujeitos, surgindo como um importante recurso da Psicologia Positiva. A presente revisão objetivou avaliar estudos que apresentam intervenções baseadas em Eduação Positiva. As bases acessadas foram MEDLINE, LILACS, Psycinfo, SciELO e Scopus, por meio dos termos "Positive Education" e "Intervention". Os estudos foram analisados de forma descritiva e as características das intervenções foram descritas. Quatorze estudos satisfizeram os critérios de inclusão desta revisão. Como resultado, 9 estudos focalizaram a eduação positiva de crianças e adolescentes, 3 foram direcionados para estudantes universitários e 2 consideraram exclusivamente professores e líderes escolares. Evidenciou-se a importância de estimular o desenvolvimento da força de caráter entre os alunos.

Escala Breve de Compaixão Santa Clara: propriedades psicométricas para o contexto brasileiro / Santa Clara Brief Compassion Scale: psychometric properties for the Brazilian context / Escala Breve de Compaixão Santa Clara: propiedades psicométricas para el contexto brasileño

O presente estudo teve como objetivo buscar evidências de validade de conteúdo e de estrutura interna e avaliar a precisão da Escala Breve de Compaixão Santa Clara para o contexto brasileiro. Os itens foram adaptados por experts e, posteriormente, foram submetidos à avaliação de juízes e amostras da população-alvo em aplicações-piloto. Os resultados dessa etapa demonstraram a equivalência semântica e logística da versão adaptada. Para avaliação de consistência interna e da validade baseada em estrutura interna, o instrumento foi preenchido por 422 indivíduos e os dados foram submetidos à análise de alfa de Cronbach e análise fatorial exploratória, respectivamente. A escala apresentou índice adequado de consistência interna (α=0,84) e a análise fatorial resultou em uma solução unifatorial, explicando 62,48% da variância. Os resultados psicométricos da escala adaptada foram próximos dos obtidos na escala original, indicando a pertinência do uso do instrumento em âmbito nacional. (AU)

The present study aimed to find content validity and internal structure evidence, and to evaluate precision of the Santa Clara Brief Compassion Scale for the Brazilian context. The items were adapted by experts and, subsequently, were submitted for the evaluation of judges and samples with the target population in pilot applications. Results of this stage demonstrated the semantic and logistic equivalence of the adapted version. To evaluate internal consistency and validity based on internal structure, 422 individuals responded to the instrument and the data were submitted to Cronbach's Alpha Analysis and Exploratory Factor Analysis, respectively. The scale presented an adequate internal consistency index (α=0.84) and the factorial analysis resulted in a one-factor solution, accounting for 62.48% of the variance. The psychometric results of the adapted scale were close to those obtained by the original scale, indicating the pertinence of the use of the instrument at the national level. (AU)

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo buscar evidencias de validez de contenido y de estructura interna y, evaluar la precisión de la Escala Breve de Compasión Santa Clara para el contexto brasileño. Para el desarrollo de la investigación los ítems fueron adaptados por expertos y posteriormente fueron sometidos a la evaluación tanto de jueces, como, por una muestra de la población objetiva en aplicaciones piloto. Los resultados de esta etapa demostraron la equivalencia semántica y logística de la versión adaptada. Para evaluación de la consistencia interna y de la validez basada en la estructura interna, el instrumento se realizó a 422 individuos y los datos fueron sometidos al Análisis de alfa de Cronbach y Análisis Factorial Exploratorio. Al final, la escala presentó un índice adecuado de consistencia interna (α=0,84) y el análisis factorial resultó en una solución unifactorial, explicando 62,48% de la varianza. En conclusión, los resultados psicométricos de la escala adaptada se acercan a los obtenidos en la escala original, indicando la pertinencia de uso del instrumento a nivel nacional. (AU)

Nutritional and neuropsychological profile of the executive functions on binge eating disorder in obese adults.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationships between obese patients with and without binge eating disorder (BED) and the neuropsychological profiles of their executive functions. METHODS: Data from 36 obese individuals (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) were divided into two groups, where one group was found to be positive for signs of BED according to the Binge Eating Scale. Two neuropsychological tests of executive function were carried out: the Go/No-go Task and the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Nutritional status was evaluated by measures of body weight, height and abdominal circumference, and from these, body mass indexes (BMI) were calculated. RESULTS: Both groups presented similar nutritional characteristics; there were no differences when it came to the health status of individuals with or without BED. Participants found positive for signs of BED had the lowest IGT scores (p = 0.004), and Go/No-go omission scores (p = 0.015) and commission scores (p = 0.04). Further statistically significant differences were also observed here between the two groups. Statistical differences in the IGT results correlated with BED, and were associated categorically (p = 0.005). CONCLUSION: Obese individuals frequently present deficits in selective attention, inhibitory control, decision-making and planning that can be directly related to binge eating and which is linked to BED. Nutritional status did not differ between the two groups studied, and did not show any connection with the disorder.

Nutritional and neuropsychological profile of the executive functions on binge eating disorder in obese adults / Perfil nutricional y neuropsicológico de las funciones ejecutivas en el transtorno por atracón en adultos obesos

Objective: To examine the relationships between obese patients with and without binge eating disorder (BED) and the neuropsychological profiles of their executive functions. Methods: Data from 36 obese individuals (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) were divided into two groups, where one group was found to be positive for signs of BED according to the Binge Eating Scale. Two neuropsychological tests of executive function were carried out: the Go/No-go Task and the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Nutritional status was evaluated by measures of body weight, height and abdominal circumference, and from these, body mass indexes (BMI) were calculated. Results: Both groups presented similar nutritional characteristics; there were no differences when it came to the health status of individuals with or without BED. Participants found positive for signs of BED had the lowest IGT scores (p = 0.004), and Go/No-go omission scores (p = 0.015) and commission scores (p = 0.04). Further statistically significant differences were also observed here between the two groups. Statistical differences in the IGT results correlated with BED, and were associated categorically (p = 0.005). Conclusion: Obese individuals frequently present deficits in selective attention, inhibitory control, decision-making and planning that can be directly related to binge eating and which is linked to BED. Nutritional status did not differ between the two groups studied, and did not show any connection with the disorder (AU)

Objetivo: examinar las relaciones entre los pacientes obesos con y sin trastorno por atracón (TA) y los perfiles neuropsicológicos de sus funciones ejecutivas. Métodos: los datos de 36 individuos obesos (IMC ≥ 30 kg/m2) se dividieron en dos grupos, donde se encontró que un grupo era positivo para los signos de BED de acuerdo con la escala de Binge Eating Scale. Se realizaron dos pruebas neuropsicológicas de la función ejecutiva: la Tarea Ir/No-ir y la Tarea de Juego de Iowa (IGT). El estado nutricional fue evaluado por medidas de peso corporal, estatura y circunferencia abdominal, y de estos se calcularon los índices de masa corporal (IMC). Resultados: ambos grupos presentaron características nutricionales similares; No hubo diferencias en cuanto al estado de salud de las personas con o sin BED. Los participantes encontraron positivos para los signos de BED que tuvieron los puntajes IGT más bajos (p = 0,004), y puntuaciones de omisión IR/No-ir (p = 0,015) y comisiones (p = 0,04). Otras diferencias estadísticamente significativas también se observaron aquí entre los dos grupos. Las diferencias estadísticas en los resultados IGT se correlacionaron con BED, y se asociaron categóricamente (p = 0,005). Conclusión: los individuos obesos frecuentemente presentan deficiencias en la atención selectiva, el control inhibitorio, la toma de decisiones y la planificación que pueden estar directamente relacionados con el atracón y que está relacionado con la BED. El estado nutricional no difirió entre los dos grupos estudiados, y no mostró ninguna relación con el trastorno (AU)

Research in Positive Psychology: a Systematic Literature Review / Pesquisas em Psicologia Positiva: uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura / Investigaciones en Psicología Positiva: una Revisión Sistemática de la Literatura

Positive Psychology focuses on human virtues and strengths, in opposition to traditional Psychology, which, until the end of 90´s, considered mainly issues regarding healing and damage repair. The aim of this study is to present the profile of Brazilian studies in Positive Psychology through a systematic literature review. It was found that studies in Positive Psychology in Brazil are still in their inception and gradually gaining recognition. However, despite a growing interest in this field of study, the Brazilian literature on this theme is still lacking in breadth and depth, especially regarding clinical interventions following the framework of Positive Psychology.(AU)

A Psicologia Positiva aborda potencialidades e virtudes humanas, diferente da Psicologia tradicional que, até o fim dos anos 90, considerava prioritariamente as questões de cura e reparo de danos. O objeto do presente estudo, por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, foi apresentar o perfil dos estudos brasileiros em Psicologia Positiva. Percebe-se que a Psicologia Positiva no Brasil está em fase de expansão, mediante o aumento dos estudos publicados. Porém, apesar dos grandes avanços encontrados, a literatura nacional sobre o tema ainda apresenta lacunas importantes a serem sanadas, especialmente, em relação às intervenções voltadas para a Psicologia Positiva.(AU)

La Psicología Positiva aborda la potencialidad y las virtudes humanas, a diferencia de la Psicología tradicional que hasta fines de los años 90, consideraba principalmente los temas de cura y reparación de daños. El objetivo de este estudio, a través de una revisión sistemática de la literatura, fue presentar el perfil de estudios brasileños en Psicología Positiva. Por medio del aumento de los estudios publicados se observa que la Psicología Positiva en Brasil está en fase de expansión. Sin embargo, a pesar de los grandes avances, la literatura nacional sobre el tema todavía presenta brechas importantes a ser consideradas, especialmente en relación a las intervenciones volcadas para la Psicología Positiva.(AU)

Research in positive psychology: a systematic literature review / Pesquisas em psicologia positiva: uma revisão sistemática da literatura / Investigaciones en psicología positiva: una revisión sistemática de la literatura

Positive Psychology focuses on human virtues and strengths, in opposition to traditional Psychology, which, until the end of 90´s, considered mainly issues regarding healing and damage repair. The aim of this study is to present the profile of Brazilian studies in Positive Psychology through a systematic literature review. It was found that studies in Positive Psychology in Brazil are still in their inception and gradually gaining recognition. However, despite a growing interest in this field of study, the Brazilian literature on this theme is still lacking in breadth and depth, especially regarding clinical interventions following the framework of Positive Psychology.

A Psicologia Positiva aborda potencialidades e virtudes humanas, diferente da Psicologia tradicional que, até o fim dos anos 90, considerava prioritariamente as questões de cura e reparo de danos. O objeto do presente estudo, por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, foi apresentar o perfil dos estudos brasileiros em Psicologia Positiva. Percebe-se que a Psicologia Positiva no Brasil está em fase de expansão, mediante o aumento dos estudos publicados. Porém, apesar dos grandes avanços encontrados, a literatura nacional sobre o tema ainda apresenta lacunas importantes a serem sanadas, especialmente, em relação às intervenções voltadas para a Psicologia Positiva.

La Psicología Positiva aborda la potencialidad y las virtudes humanas, a diferencia de la Psicología tradicional que hasta fines de los años 90, consideraba principalmente los temas de cura y reparación de daños. El objetivo de este estudio, a través de una revisión sistemática de la literatura, fue presentar el perfil de estudios brasileños en Psicología Positiva. Por medio del aumento de los estudios publicados se observa que la Psicología Positiva en Brasil está en fase de expansión. Sin embargo, a pesar de los grandes avances, la literatura nacional sobre el tema todavía presenta brechas importantes a ser consideradas, especialmente en relación a las intervenciones volcadas para la Psicología Positiva.

Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised (BHEI-R) of women before and during adjuvant treatment for breast cancer / Índice Brasileño de Alimentación Saludable Revisado (IBAS-R) de mujeres antes y durante el tratamiento adyuvante para cáncer de mama

Introduction: Different therapeutic modalities for cancer trigger side effects that affect the selection of food by changing dietary patterns. Aims: To evaluate changes in the diet quality of women in adjuvant treatment for breast cancer. Methods: Sociodemographic, clinical and anthropometric data of 78 women were collected. The Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised and its components were obtained from food frequency questionnaire applied before and after the treatment. At baseline, participants were classified according to tertiles of diet quality. Results and Discussion: The score of the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised (BHEI-R) in the lowest tertile was 48.4 to 75.2 points, the second tertile was 75.7 to 81.8 points, and the upper tertile was 82.0 to 95.7 points. During treatment, of the women classified in the first tertile, 62% improved their diet score quality passing to the upper tertiles. Women classified in the second tertile, did not significantly alter the diet quality during the treatment, although 46% went to the third tertile. Patients classified in the third tertile significantly reduced the average score of the Index by 7.3 points during the treatment. Among these women, 38% and 20% decreased their score for the second and first tertiles respectively, where the reduction in the diet quality was due to reducing the score of components Total fruits, Total vegetables, Dark Green and orange vegetables and Legumes, Total grains and Solid fats, Alcohol and Added sugar. Conclusion: Dietary changes, which were observed after breast cancer diagnosis, significantly altered the quality of diet among the women participating in the study. Future nutrition interventions are important to aid in food choices during the treatment (AU)

Introducción: Diferentes modalidades terapéuticas para los efectos secundarios de activación de cáncer que afectan a la selección de los alimentos por el cambio de los patrones dietéticos. Objetivo: Evaluar los cambios en la calidad de la dieta de mujeres en tratamiento adyuvante para cáncer de mama. Métodos: se obtuvieron datos sociodemográficos, clínicos y antropométricos de 78 mujeres. El Índice Brasileño de Alimentación Saludable y sus componentes se obtuvieron a partir de cuestionarios de frecuencia alimentar aplicados antes y al final del tratamiento. Los participantes fueron clasificados según terciles de calidad de la dieta con base en las informaciones del inicio del estudio. Resultados: Las puntuaciones del Índice de Calidad de la dieta en el tercil inferior fue 48,4-75,2 puntos, en el segundo tercil fue 75,7-81,8 puntos, y en el tercil superior 82,0-95,7 puntos. Durante el tratamiento, 62 % de las mujeres pertenecientes al primer tercil mejoraron su calidad, pasando para los terciles medio o superior. Las mujeres clasificadas en el segundo tercil no alteraron significativamente la calidad de la dieta durante el tratamiento, a pesar de que 46 % pasó para el tercil superior. Las pacientes pertenecientes al tercer tercil redujeron significativamente la puntuación promedio del Índice en 7,3 puntos durante el tratamiento. Entre estas mujeres, 38% y 20% disminuyeron su puntuación para el segundo y primer tercil, respectivamente. La reducción de la calidad de la dieta fue el resultado de la disminución en la puntuación de los componentes Frutas totales, Verduras totales, Verduras y legumbres de color verde oscuro y naranja, Cereales totales y grasas sólidas, Alcohol y Azúcar añadido. Conclusión: Los cambios observados en la alimentación después del diagnóstico de cáncer de mama alteró significativamente la calidad de la dieta de las mujeres participantes del estudio. Intervenciones nutricionales futuras son importantes para ayudar en la elección de alimentos durante el tratamiento (AU)